Why is conservation focused on biodiversity hotspots?

Focusing conservation efforts on biodiversity hotspots is critical because these regions contain a high number of species, many of which are endemic, meaning they are not found anywhere else on Earth. This concentration of unique flora and fauna plays a crucial role in maintaining global biodiversity. Protecting these areas helps to ensure the survival of species that contribute to ecosystem functions and services, which benefit all life on the planet, including humans.

Biodiversity hotspots also often face significant threats from human activities such as urbanization, deforestation, and climate change, making their conservation vital for preserving ecological balance. The urgency to protect these areas arises from their rich biological wealth, which supports ecological resilience and has importance in agriculture, medicine, and environmental health.

While the other options might seem relevant, they do not capture the core reason for conservation being specifically focused on biodiversity hotspots. These regions may not necessarily be historically significant or the least impacted by human actions, nor are they primarily targeted for tourism advantages. The emphasis on their role in fostering global biodiversity highlights the importance of these areas in conservation strategies.