Which characteristic differentiates living organisms from non-living matter?

Living organisms possess several distinct characteristics that set them apart from non-living matter. The ability to reproduce is a fundamental biological characteristic—it allows species to create new individuals, ensuring the continuation of their genetic material. This process can occur through sexual or asexual means, forming a crucial aspect of life's cycle.

The presence of cells is another defining feature of living organisms. All living entities are composed of cells, which serve as the basic units of life. Cells perform essential functions that sustain the organism, such as metabolism, growth, and response to stimuli.

Growth over time is also a characteristic of living organisms. Unlike non-living matter, which does not grow or develop in an organized manner, living beings undergo a structured sequence of growth phases, leading to maturation and sometimes differentiation into various forms.

Considering these characteristics, the option that encompasses all these fundamental aspects—reproduction, cellular composition, and growth—is comprehensive and accurately reflects what differentiates living organisms from non-living matter. This is why the choice stating "All of the above" is the most appropriate answer, as it acknowledges the collective significance of these characteristics in defining life.