What is the role of the ozone layer?

The ozone layer plays a critical role in protecting life on Earth by absorbing the majority of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This layer, which is located in the stratosphere, consists of ozone (O3) molecules that filter out the more harmful UV-B and UV-C rays. Without this protective barrier, increased exposure to UV radiation can lead to a variety of health issues in humans, such as skin cancer, cataracts, and weakened immune systems. Additionally, excessive UV radiation can have detrimental effects on ecosystems, particularly affecting marine life and terrestrial plant growth.

The other options do not accurately reflect the function of the ozone layer. While it does not increase global temperatures, provide oxygen, or assist in the water cycle, its primary role remains focused on shielding the planet from damaging UV rays. This critical function underscores the importance of the ozone layer in maintaining the balance necessary for life on Earth.