What is the primary function of cellular respiration?

The primary function of cellular respiration is to convert nutrients into energy, specifically in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This biochemical process occurs in the cells of organisms and involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules in the presence of oxygen, leading to the production of ATP, which cells use as a direct energy source for various biological activities, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and metabolic processes.

During cellular respiration, glucose undergoes a series of enzymatic reactions that include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. In these stages, energy is released from the chemical bonds in nutrients and is captured in the form of ATP. This process is crucial because it allows cells to harness the energy stored in food and use it effectively to perform the functions necessary for life.

The other options highlight important biological processes but do not capture the essence of cellular respiration. Creating new cells is tied to cell division and growth rather than energy production, transporting oxygen involves the circulatory system, and synthesizing DNA pertains to genetic replication—none of which are direct functions of cellular respiration.