What does the term "ecosystem services" refer to?

The term "ecosystem services" refers to the benefits provided by ecosystems to humans. These services encompass a wide range of functions that healthy ecosystems perform, which can be categorized into four main types: provisioning services (such as food, water, and raw materials), regulating services (including climate regulation and water purification), supporting services (such as nutrient cycling and soil formation), and cultural services (which encompass recreational, aesthetic, and spiritual benefits).

Understanding ecosystem services is crucial as it highlights the direct and indirect ways in which human well-being is linked to natural environments. The concept emphasizes the importance of preserving biodiversity and ecosystems to maintain these critical benefits for current and future generations. Over time, the recognition of these services has led to increased awareness and actions aimed at conserving ecosystems and integrating environmental considerations into policy and decision-making processes.