What characterizes a sustainable ecosystem?

A sustainable ecosystem is defined by its ability to maintain balance and health over time. This is achieved through interactions among various species and their environments, allowing for the continuous cycling of nutrients, energy flow, and resilience in the face of environmental changes. Such ecosystems remain productive and provide essential services to both the environment and living organisms, including humans.

In contrast, an ecosystem designed solely for economic efficiency may sacrifice ecological balance in favor of human gain, which can lead to long-term degradation. An ecosystem dominated by a single species can become unbalanced, leading to a decline in biodiversity, making it less resilient and more susceptible to changes or disasters. Lastly, an ecosystem that exclusively supports human needs often overlooks the interdependence of human and natural systems, which can result in unsustainable practices that deplete natural resources and negatively impact ecosystem health. Thus, the correct answer highlights the importance of balance and health in sustaining ecosystems over time.