What are macromolecules?

Macromolecules are large molecules that are crucial for various biological functions in living organisms. They typically include proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), carbohydrates, and lipids, each playing significant roles in cellular structure and function.

Proteins serve as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules, while nucleic acids are vital for the storage and transmission of genetic information. Carbohydrates provide energy and serve as structural components of cells, particularly in the form of polysaccharides. Lipids, which include fats and oils, are essential for creating cell membranes, storing energy, and protecting organs.

The classification of macromolecules as ‘large’ reflects their complex and extensive structure, often composed of numerous smaller units called monomers. For example, proteins are made of amino acids, and nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. This size is in contrast to small molecules, which play important roles as well but are typically not as complex or large as macromolecules.

In comparison to the other options, only the definition of macromolecules as large molecules accurately captures their characteristics and significance in biological systems. Other choices either refer to essential small molecules, water-soluble compounds, or minerals, which do not encompass the complete range of structures and